Adds detection of additional CPU flags to cpu_detect and additions to telemetry output.
This is not exhaustive but guided by features that [dynarmic utilizes](bcfe377aaa/src/dynarmic/backend/x64/host_feature.h (L12-L33)) as well as features that are currently utilized but not reported to telemetry(invariant_tsc). This is intended to guide future optimizations.
AVX512 in particular is broken up into its individual subsets and some other processor features such as [sha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_SHA_extensions) and [gfni](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVX-512#GFNI) are added to have some forward-facing data-points.
What used to be a single `CPU_Extension_x64_AVX512` telemetry field
is also broken up into individual `CPU_Extension_x64_AVX512{F,VL,CD,...}` fields.
Previously core itself was the library containing the code to gather
common information (build info, CPU info, and OS info), however all of
this isn't core-dependent and can be moved to the common code and use
the common interfaces. We can then just call those functions from the
core instead.
This will allow replacing our CPU detection with Xbyak's which has
better detection facilities than ours. It also keeps more
architecture-dependent code in common instead of core.
