Merge pull request #608 from Subv/depth
GPU: Implemented the depth buffer and depth test + culling
This commit is contained in:
commit
92c7135065
9 changed files with 246 additions and 32 deletions
|
@ -280,6 +280,34 @@ public:
|
|||
UnsignedInt = 0x2,
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
enum class ComparisonOp : u32 {
|
||||
Never = 0x200,
|
||||
Less = 0x201,
|
||||
Equal = 0x202,
|
||||
LessEqual = 0x203,
|
||||
Greater = 0x204,
|
||||
NotEqual = 0x205,
|
||||
GreaterEqual = 0x206,
|
||||
Always = 0x207,
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
struct Cull {
|
||||
enum class FrontFace : u32 {
|
||||
ClockWise = 0x0900,
|
||||
CounterClockWise = 0x0901,
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
enum class CullFace : u32 {
|
||||
Front = 0x0404,
|
||||
Back = 0x0405,
|
||||
FrontAndBack = 0x0408,
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
u32 enabled;
|
||||
FrontFace front_face;
|
||||
CullFace cull_face;
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
struct Blend {
|
||||
enum class Equation : u32 {
|
||||
Add = 1,
|
||||
|
@ -413,7 +441,7 @@ public:
|
|||
struct {
|
||||
u32 address_high;
|
||||
u32 address_low;
|
||||
u32 format;
|
||||
Tegra::DepthFormat format;
|
||||
u32 block_dimensions;
|
||||
u32 layer_stride;
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -435,11 +463,21 @@ public:
|
|||
};
|
||||
} rt_control;
|
||||
|
||||
INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(0x31);
|
||||
INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(0x2B);
|
||||
|
||||
u32 depth_test_enable;
|
||||
|
||||
INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(0x5);
|
||||
|
||||
u32 independent_blend_enable;
|
||||
|
||||
INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(0x15);
|
||||
u32 depth_write_enabled;
|
||||
|
||||
INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(0x8);
|
||||
|
||||
ComparisonOp depth_test_func;
|
||||
|
||||
INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(0xB);
|
||||
|
||||
struct {
|
||||
u32 separate_alpha;
|
||||
|
@ -540,7 +578,13 @@ public:
|
|||
}
|
||||
} index_array;
|
||||
|
||||
INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(0xC7);
|
||||
INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(0x7);
|
||||
|
||||
INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(0x46);
|
||||
|
||||
Cull cull;
|
||||
|
||||
INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(0x77);
|
||||
|
||||
struct {
|
||||
u32 query_address_high;
|
||||
|
@ -747,7 +791,10 @@ ASSERT_REG_POSITION(vertex_buffer, 0x35D);
|
|||
ASSERT_REG_POSITION(zeta, 0x3F8);
|
||||
ASSERT_REG_POSITION(vertex_attrib_format[0], 0x458);
|
||||
ASSERT_REG_POSITION(rt_control, 0x487);
|
||||
ASSERT_REG_POSITION(depth_test_enable, 0x4B3);
|
||||
ASSERT_REG_POSITION(independent_blend_enable, 0x4B9);
|
||||
ASSERT_REG_POSITION(depth_write_enabled, 0x4BA);
|
||||
ASSERT_REG_POSITION(depth_test_func, 0x4C3);
|
||||
ASSERT_REG_POSITION(blend, 0x4CF);
|
||||
ASSERT_REG_POSITION(vb_element_base, 0x50D);
|
||||
ASSERT_REG_POSITION(tsc, 0x557);
|
||||
|
@ -755,6 +802,7 @@ ASSERT_REG_POSITION(tic, 0x55D);
|
|||
ASSERT_REG_POSITION(code_address, 0x582);
|
||||
ASSERT_REG_POSITION(draw, 0x585);
|
||||
ASSERT_REG_POSITION(index_array, 0x5F2);
|
||||
ASSERT_REG_POSITION(cull, 0x646);
|
||||
ASSERT_REG_POSITION(query, 0x6C0);
|
||||
ASSERT_REG_POSITION(vertex_array[0], 0x700);
|
||||
ASSERT_REG_POSITION(independent_blend, 0x780);
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -24,6 +24,15 @@ enum class RenderTargetFormat : u32 {
|
|||
R11G11B10_FLOAT = 0xE0,
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
enum class DepthFormat : u32 {
|
||||
Z32_FLOAT = 0xA,
|
||||
Z16_UNORM = 0x13,
|
||||
S8_Z24_UNORM = 0x14,
|
||||
Z24_X8_UNORM = 0x15,
|
||||
Z24_S8_UNORM = 0x16,
|
||||
Z24_C8_UNORM = 0x18,
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
/// Returns the number of bytes per pixel of each rendertarget format.
|
||||
u32 RenderTargetBytesPerPixel(RenderTargetFormat format);
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -304,10 +304,15 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::DrawArrays() {
|
|||
MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_Drawing);
|
||||
const auto& regs = Core::System().GetInstance().GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
|
||||
|
||||
// TODO(bunnei): Implement these
|
||||
// Sync the depth test state before configuring the framebuffer surfaces.
|
||||
SyncDepthTestState();
|
||||
|
||||
// TODO(bunnei): Implement this
|
||||
const bool has_stencil = false;
|
||||
|
||||
const bool using_color_fb = true;
|
||||
const bool using_depth_fb = false;
|
||||
const bool using_depth_fb = regs.zeta.Address() != 0;
|
||||
|
||||
const MathUtil::Rectangle<s32> viewport_rect{regs.viewport_transform[0].GetRect()};
|
||||
|
||||
const bool write_color_fb =
|
||||
|
@ -338,11 +343,9 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::DrawArrays() {
|
|||
// Bind the framebuffer surfaces
|
||||
BindFramebufferSurfaces(color_surface, depth_surface, has_stencil);
|
||||
|
||||
// Sync the viewport
|
||||
SyncViewport(surfaces_rect);
|
||||
|
||||
// Sync the blend state registers
|
||||
SyncBlendState();
|
||||
SyncCullMode();
|
||||
|
||||
// TODO(bunnei): Sync framebuffer_scale uniform here
|
||||
// TODO(bunnei): Sync scissorbox uniform(s) here
|
||||
|
@ -712,7 +715,11 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncClipCoef() {
|
|||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncCullMode() {
|
||||
UNREACHABLE();
|
||||
const auto& regs = Core::System().GetInstance().GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
|
||||
|
||||
state.cull.enabled = regs.cull.enabled != 0;
|
||||
state.cull.front_face = MaxwellToGL::FrontFace(regs.cull.front_face);
|
||||
state.cull.mode = MaxwellToGL::CullFace(regs.cull.cull_face);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncDepthScale() {
|
||||
|
@ -723,6 +730,14 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncDepthOffset() {
|
|||
UNREACHABLE();
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncDepthTestState() {
|
||||
const auto& regs = Core::System().GetInstance().GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
|
||||
|
||||
state.depth.test_enabled = regs.depth_test_enable != 0;
|
||||
state.depth.write_mask = regs.depth_write_enabled ? GL_TRUE : GL_FALSE;
|
||||
state.depth.test_func = MaxwellToGL::ComparisonOp(regs.depth_test_func);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncBlendState() {
|
||||
const auto& regs = Core::System().GetInstance().GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -126,6 +126,9 @@ private:
|
|||
/// Syncs the depth offset to match the guest state
|
||||
void SyncDepthOffset();
|
||||
|
||||
/// Syncs the depth test state to match the guest state
|
||||
void SyncDepthTestState();
|
||||
|
||||
/// Syncs the blend state to match the guest state
|
||||
void SyncBlendState();
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -84,22 +84,18 @@ static constexpr std::array<FormatTuple, SurfaceParams::MaxPixelFormat> tex_form
|
|||
true}, // DXT45
|
||||
{GL_COMPRESSED_RED_RGTC1, GL_RED, GL_UNSIGNED_INT_8_8_8_8, ComponentType::UNorm, true}, // DXN1
|
||||
{GL_RGBA8, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, ComponentType::UNorm, false}, // ASTC_2D_4X4
|
||||
|
||||
// DepthStencil formats
|
||||
{GL_DEPTH24_STENCIL8, GL_DEPTH_STENCIL, GL_UNSIGNED_INT_24_8, ComponentType::UNorm,
|
||||
false}, // Z24S8
|
||||
}};
|
||||
|
||||
static const FormatTuple& GetFormatTuple(PixelFormat pixel_format, ComponentType component_type) {
|
||||
const SurfaceType type = SurfaceParams::GetFormatType(pixel_format);
|
||||
if (type == SurfaceType::ColorTexture) {
|
||||
ASSERT(static_cast<size_t>(pixel_format) < tex_format_tuples.size());
|
||||
auto& format = tex_format_tuples[static_cast<unsigned int>(pixel_format)];
|
||||
ASSERT(component_type == format.component_type);
|
||||
return format;
|
||||
} else if (type == SurfaceType::Depth || type == SurfaceType::DepthStencil) {
|
||||
// TODO(Subv): Implement depth formats
|
||||
ASSERT_MSG(false, "Unimplemented");
|
||||
}
|
||||
ASSERT(static_cast<size_t>(pixel_format) < tex_format_tuples.size());
|
||||
auto& format = tex_format_tuples[static_cast<unsigned int>(pixel_format)];
|
||||
ASSERT(component_type == format.component_type);
|
||||
|
||||
UNREACHABLE();
|
||||
return {};
|
||||
return format;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
VAddr SurfaceParams::GetCpuAddr() const {
|
||||
|
@ -149,11 +145,17 @@ void MortonCopy(u32 stride, u32 block_height, u32 height, u8* gl_buffer, Tegra::
|
|||
const auto& gpu = Core::System::GetInstance().GPU();
|
||||
|
||||
if (morton_to_gl) {
|
||||
auto data = Tegra::Texture::UnswizzleTexture(
|
||||
*gpu.memory_manager->GpuToCpuAddress(addr),
|
||||
SurfaceParams::TextureFormatFromPixelFormat(format), stride, height, block_height);
|
||||
|
||||
std::memcpy(gl_buffer, data.data(), data.size());
|
||||
if (SurfaceParams::GetFormatType(format) == SurfaceType::ColorTexture) {
|
||||
auto data = Tegra::Texture::UnswizzleTexture(
|
||||
*gpu.memory_manager->GpuToCpuAddress(addr),
|
||||
SurfaceParams::TextureFormatFromPixelFormat(format), stride, height, block_height);
|
||||
std::memcpy(gl_buffer, data.data(), data.size());
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
auto data = Tegra::Texture::UnswizzleDepthTexture(
|
||||
*gpu.memory_manager->GpuToCpuAddress(addr),
|
||||
SurfaceParams::DepthFormatFromPixelFormat(format), stride, height, block_height);
|
||||
std::memcpy(gl_buffer, data.data(), data.size());
|
||||
}
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
// TODO(bunnei): Assumes the default rendering GOB size of 16 (128 lines). We should
|
||||
// check the configuration for this and perform more generic un/swizzle
|
||||
|
@ -174,7 +176,7 @@ static constexpr std::array<void (*)(u32, u32, u32, u8*, Tegra::GPUVAddr),
|
|||
MortonCopy<true, PixelFormat::R11FG11FB10F>, MortonCopy<true, PixelFormat::RGBA32UI>,
|
||||
MortonCopy<true, PixelFormat::DXT1>, MortonCopy<true, PixelFormat::DXT23>,
|
||||
MortonCopy<true, PixelFormat::DXT45>, MortonCopy<true, PixelFormat::DXN1>,
|
||||
MortonCopy<true, PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_4X4>,
|
||||
MortonCopy<true, PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_4X4>, MortonCopy<true, PixelFormat::Z24S8>,
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
static constexpr std::array<void (*)(u32, u32, u32, u8*, Tegra::GPUVAddr),
|
||||
|
@ -194,6 +196,7 @@ static constexpr std::array<void (*)(u32, u32, u32, u8*, Tegra::GPUVAddr),
|
|||
nullptr,
|
||||
nullptr,
|
||||
MortonCopy<false, PixelFormat::ABGR8>,
|
||||
MortonCopy<false, PixelFormat::Z24S8>,
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
// Allocate an uninitialized texture of appropriate size and format for the surface
|
||||
|
@ -397,9 +400,15 @@ SurfaceSurfaceRect_Tuple RasterizerCacheOpenGL::GetFramebufferSurfaces(
|
|||
|
||||
// get color and depth surfaces
|
||||
const SurfaceParams color_params{SurfaceParams::CreateForFramebuffer(regs.rt[0])};
|
||||
const SurfaceParams depth_params{color_params};
|
||||
SurfaceParams depth_params{color_params};
|
||||
|
||||
ASSERT_MSG(!using_depth_fb, "depth buffer is unimplemented");
|
||||
if (using_depth_fb) {
|
||||
depth_params.addr = regs.zeta.Address();
|
||||
depth_params.pixel_format = SurfaceParams::PixelFormatFromDepthFormat(regs.zeta.format);
|
||||
depth_params.component_type = SurfaceParams::ComponentTypeFromDepthFormat(regs.zeta.format);
|
||||
depth_params.type = SurfaceParams::GetFormatType(depth_params.pixel_format);
|
||||
depth_params.size_in_bytes = depth_params.SizeInBytes();
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
MathUtil::Rectangle<u32> color_rect{};
|
||||
Surface color_surface;
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -37,7 +37,14 @@ struct SurfaceParams {
|
|||
DXN1 = 11, // This is also known as BC4
|
||||
ASTC_2D_4X4 = 12,
|
||||
|
||||
Max,
|
||||
MaxColorFormat,
|
||||
|
||||
// DepthStencil formats
|
||||
Z24S8 = 13,
|
||||
|
||||
MaxDepthStencilFormat,
|
||||
|
||||
Max = MaxDepthStencilFormat,
|
||||
Invalid = 255,
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -84,6 +91,7 @@ struct SurfaceParams {
|
|||
4, // DXT45
|
||||
4, // DXN1
|
||||
4, // ASTC_2D_4X4
|
||||
1, // Z24S8
|
||||
}};
|
||||
|
||||
ASSERT(static_cast<size_t>(format) < compression_factor_table.size());
|
||||
|
@ -108,6 +116,7 @@ struct SurfaceParams {
|
|||
128, // DXT45
|
||||
64, // DXN1
|
||||
32, // ASTC_2D_4X4
|
||||
32, // Z24S8
|
||||
}};
|
||||
|
||||
ASSERT(static_cast<size_t>(format) < bpp_table.size());
|
||||
|
@ -117,6 +126,16 @@ struct SurfaceParams {
|
|||
return GetFormatBpp(pixel_format);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
static PixelFormat PixelFormatFromDepthFormat(Tegra::DepthFormat format) {
|
||||
switch (format) {
|
||||
case Tegra::DepthFormat::Z24_S8_UNORM:
|
||||
return PixelFormat::Z24S8;
|
||||
default:
|
||||
NGLOG_CRITICAL(HW_GPU, "Unimplemented format={}", static_cast<u32>(format));
|
||||
UNREACHABLE();
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
static PixelFormat PixelFormatFromRenderTargetFormat(Tegra::RenderTargetFormat format) {
|
||||
switch (format) {
|
||||
case Tegra::RenderTargetFormat::RGBA8_UNORM:
|
||||
|
@ -205,6 +224,15 @@ struct SurfaceParams {
|
|||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
static Tegra::DepthFormat DepthFormatFromPixelFormat(PixelFormat format) {
|
||||
switch (format) {
|
||||
case PixelFormat::Z24S8:
|
||||
return Tegra::DepthFormat::Z24_S8_UNORM;
|
||||
default:
|
||||
UNREACHABLE();
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
static ComponentType ComponentTypeFromTexture(Tegra::Texture::ComponentType type) {
|
||||
// TODO(Subv): Implement more component types
|
||||
switch (type) {
|
||||
|
@ -244,11 +272,26 @@ struct SurfaceParams {
|
|||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
static ComponentType ComponentTypeFromDepthFormat(Tegra::DepthFormat format) {
|
||||
switch (format) {
|
||||
case Tegra::DepthFormat::Z24_S8_UNORM:
|
||||
return ComponentType::UNorm;
|
||||
default:
|
||||
NGLOG_CRITICAL(HW_GPU, "Unimplemented format={}", static_cast<u32>(format));
|
||||
UNREACHABLE();
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
static SurfaceType GetFormatType(PixelFormat pixel_format) {
|
||||
if (static_cast<size_t>(pixel_format) < MaxPixelFormat) {
|
||||
if (static_cast<size_t>(pixel_format) < static_cast<size_t>(PixelFormat::MaxColorFormat)) {
|
||||
return SurfaceType::ColorTexture;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if (static_cast<size_t>(pixel_format) <
|
||||
static_cast<size_t>(PixelFormat::MaxDepthStencilFormat)) {
|
||||
return SurfaceType::DepthStencil;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// TODO(Subv): Implement the other formats
|
||||
ASSERT(false);
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -201,4 +201,54 @@ inline GLenum SwizzleSource(Tegra::Texture::SwizzleSource source) {
|
|||
return {};
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
inline GLenum ComparisonOp(Maxwell::ComparisonOp comparison) {
|
||||
switch (comparison) {
|
||||
case Maxwell::ComparisonOp::Never:
|
||||
return GL_NEVER;
|
||||
case Maxwell::ComparisonOp::Less:
|
||||
return GL_LESS;
|
||||
case Maxwell::ComparisonOp::Equal:
|
||||
return GL_EQUAL;
|
||||
case Maxwell::ComparisonOp::LessEqual:
|
||||
return GL_LEQUAL;
|
||||
case Maxwell::ComparisonOp::Greater:
|
||||
return GL_GREATER;
|
||||
case Maxwell::ComparisonOp::NotEqual:
|
||||
return GL_NOTEQUAL;
|
||||
case Maxwell::ComparisonOp::GreaterEqual:
|
||||
return GL_GEQUAL;
|
||||
case Maxwell::ComparisonOp::Always:
|
||||
return GL_ALWAYS;
|
||||
}
|
||||
NGLOG_CRITICAL(Render_OpenGL, "Unimplemented comparison op={}", static_cast<u32>(comparison));
|
||||
UNREACHABLE();
|
||||
return {};
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
inline GLenum FrontFace(Maxwell::Cull::FrontFace front_face) {
|
||||
switch (front_face) {
|
||||
case Maxwell::Cull::FrontFace::ClockWise:
|
||||
return GL_CW;
|
||||
case Maxwell::Cull::FrontFace::CounterClockWise:
|
||||
return GL_CCW;
|
||||
}
|
||||
NGLOG_CRITICAL(Render_OpenGL, "Unimplemented front face cull={}", static_cast<u32>(front_face));
|
||||
UNREACHABLE();
|
||||
return {};
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
inline GLenum CullFace(Maxwell::Cull::CullFace cull_face) {
|
||||
switch (cull_face) {
|
||||
case Maxwell::Cull::CullFace::Front:
|
||||
return GL_FRONT;
|
||||
case Maxwell::Cull::CullFace::Back:
|
||||
return GL_BACK;
|
||||
case Maxwell::Cull::CullFace::FrontAndBack:
|
||||
return GL_FRONT_AND_BACK;
|
||||
}
|
||||
NGLOG_CRITICAL(Render_OpenGL, "Unimplemented cull face={}", static_cast<u32>(cull_face));
|
||||
UNREACHABLE();
|
||||
return {};
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
} // namespace MaxwellToGL
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
|
|||
#include <cstring>
|
||||
#include "common/assert.h"
|
||||
#include "core/memory.h"
|
||||
#include "video_core/gpu.h"
|
||||
#include "video_core/textures/decoders.h"
|
||||
#include "video_core/textures/texture.h"
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -73,6 +74,16 @@ u32 BytesPerPixel(TextureFormat format) {
|
|||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
static u32 DepthBytesPerPixel(DepthFormat format) {
|
||||
switch (format) {
|
||||
case DepthFormat::Z24_S8_UNORM:
|
||||
return 4;
|
||||
default:
|
||||
UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Format not implemented");
|
||||
break;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
std::vector<u8> UnswizzleTexture(VAddr address, TextureFormat format, u32 width, u32 height,
|
||||
u32 block_height) {
|
||||
u8* data = Memory::GetPointer(address);
|
||||
|
@ -110,6 +121,26 @@ std::vector<u8> UnswizzleTexture(VAddr address, TextureFormat format, u32 width,
|
|||
return unswizzled_data;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
std::vector<u8> UnswizzleDepthTexture(VAddr address, DepthFormat format, u32 width, u32 height,
|
||||
u32 block_height) {
|
||||
u8* data = Memory::GetPointer(address);
|
||||
u32 bytes_per_pixel = DepthBytesPerPixel(format);
|
||||
|
||||
std::vector<u8> unswizzled_data(width * height * bytes_per_pixel);
|
||||
|
||||
switch (format) {
|
||||
case DepthFormat::Z24_S8_UNORM:
|
||||
CopySwizzledData(width, height, bytes_per_pixel, bytes_per_pixel, data,
|
||||
unswizzled_data.data(), true, block_height);
|
||||
break;
|
||||
default:
|
||||
UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Format not implemented");
|
||||
break;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
return unswizzled_data;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
std::vector<u8> DecodeTexture(const std::vector<u8>& texture_data, TextureFormat format, u32 width,
|
||||
u32 height) {
|
||||
std::vector<u8> rgba_data;
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -17,6 +17,12 @@ namespace Texture {
|
|||
std::vector<u8> UnswizzleTexture(VAddr address, TextureFormat format, u32 width, u32 height,
|
||||
u32 block_height = TICEntry::DefaultBlockHeight);
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Unswizzles a swizzled depth texture without changing its format.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
std::vector<u8> UnswizzleDepthTexture(VAddr address, DepthFormat format, u32 width, u32 height,
|
||||
u32 block_height = TICEntry::DefaultBlockHeight);
|
||||
|
||||
/// Copies texture data from a buffer and performs swizzling/unswizzling as necessary.
|
||||
void CopySwizzledData(u32 width, u32 height, u32 bytes_per_pixel, u32 out_bytes_per_pixel,
|
||||
u8* swizzled_data, u8* unswizzled_data, bool unswizzle, u32 block_height);
|
||||
|
|
Loading…
Reference in a new issue